Between 2006 to 2015, the rate of maternal mortality in nigeria increased by 30 percent. Maternal mortality ratio in nigeria is one of the highest in the world. Child marriage and high rates of adolescent births are commonplace across nigeria, exposing girls and women of reproductive age to numerous health risks. The epmm target for reducing the global maternal mortality ratio mmr by 2030. Nigeria has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world, second only to india whose population is eight times larger than that of nigeria. The maternal mortality ratio mmr is defined as the number of maternal deaths during a given time period per 100,000 live births during the same time period. Reducing maternal deaths in nigeria fogarty international. There were 8,724 lives births and 84 maternal deaths giving a mmr of. Doc major causes of maternal mortality in nigeria maimuna. Osotimehin who was a former minister of health in nigeria however said that unfpa had a plan to restart a national programme to reduce the rate of maternal and child mortality in nigeria. Pdf maternal mortality has been described as one of the foremost and most neglected health problems and human rights abused in the world.
Maternal mortality has been described as one of the foremost and most neglected health problems and human rights abused in the world. One of the major contributing factors to this prevalence is the slow progress being made in the region in solving this problem. Also, poor access to and utilization of quality reproductive health services contribute significantly to the high maternal mortality level in nigeria. Despite the increased global focus on maternal mortality as a public health issue, little detailed knowledge is available on the levels of maternal mortality and morbidity and the causes of their occurrence. Determinantscauses of maternal mortality in nigeria. This article examines the socioeconomic inequalities in the use of antenatal care and medical assistance at delivery in nigeria, using the multirounds of the crosssectional nigerian demographic health survey conducted between 1990 and 2008. Pdf maternal mortality and maternal health care in nigeria. Reducing high maternal mortality ratio is not just a technical and medical challenge but largely a political one which requires the attention and commitment of political leaders. Maternal mortality is still a major risk for women of childbearing age in nigeria. However, between 1990 and 2010, the global maternal mortality ratio i. This should result in innovative approaches to the prevention of maternal and child mortality and morbidity.
The key is giving mothers highquality care throughout their pregnancy and during childbirth. Jun 23, 2015 there are many reasons why maternal mortality in nigeria is so high, including a lack of access to healthcare, rampant poverty, substandard health care and the prevalence of child marriage. Even though maternal mortality, which is a pregnancyrelated death is preventable, it has continued to increase in many. In nigeria, where an unacceptably number of maternal deaths occur maternal mortality ratio of 814100,000 livebirths, the community level interventions for preeclampsia clip study nct01911494 aimed to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity with a complex intervention of five interrelated components. Maternal mortality is the leading cause of death among women in nigeria, especially women aged between 15 and 19 years. Medical causes of maternal mortality in nigeria the etiology of maternal mortality can be categorized as medical, socioeconomic, cultural, behavioral, and political causes. More than 70 percent of maternal deaths in nigeria are due to five major complications. The global maternal mortality ratio has fallen from 342 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in 2000 to 211 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2017. Levels and causes of maternal mortality and morbidity.
Maternal health unfpa united nations population fund. International maternal mortality in the low and middle income countries, direct causes account for 7580% of maternal mortality and include in approximate order of importance, haemorrhage, sepsis, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Human rights, accountability, and maternal death in nigeria 7 the number of maternal deaths in nigeria is second only to that of india. Reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births. Maternal mortality ratio modeled estimate, per 100,000 live. Sep 29, 2016 osotimehin who was a former minister of health in nigeria however said that unfpa had a plan to restart a national programme to reduce the rate of maternal and child mortality in nigeria. This paper reports a facility based study in northcentral. The majority of these maternal deaths, as in the rest of the world, are preventable, and while the causal factors can be. Introduction in the year 2000, the country with the highest estimated number of maternal death is india 6,000 followed by nigeria. Maternal mortality is the probability or percentage of mothers. The data showed that girls under 15 years represented 6 percent of the total number of deliveries, but 30 percent of the maternal deaths recorded. Arguably, nigerian women are 500 times more probable to lose their lives in childbirth when compared to most advanced nations of the world 9.
Also provided are examples of how states are using data to identify opportunities for evidencebased interventions and policies that help reduce u. In anticipation of the launch of the sustainable development goals, the world health organization who and partners released a consensus statement and full strategy paper on ending preventable maternal mortality epmm. Using mobile technology to improve maternal health and fight. This research examines the geography of maternal mortality in nigeria and the role of cultural and religious practices, socioeconomic inequalities, urbanization, access to pre and postnatal care in explaining the spatial pattern. A process evaluation plan for assessing a complex community. The consequences of maternal morbidity and maternal. Maternal health covers the health of women during the preconception, pregnancy, and postpartum periods. In 2015, nigerias estimated maternal mortality ratio was over 800 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births, with approximately 58 000 maternal. Women in nigeria face significant sociocultural inequities resulting in poor health indices especially during pregnancy and after child birth because.
By comparison, the total number of maternal deaths in 2015 in the 46 most developed countries was 1700, resulting in a maternal mortality ratio of 12 maternal deaths per 100. Against the backdrop of meeting the millennium development goals mdgs target of reducing child mortality rates by a third in 2015, which is less than four months from now, there are indications that nigeria is far from reaching the goal, as the country ranks the second largest contributor to the underfive and maternal mortality rates. Nigeria is plagued by socioeconomic factors that contribute to maternal mortality and birthrelated injuries, including ineffectual government, underresourced hospitals and gender inequalities. Using mobile technology to improve maternal health and. Mar 27, 2018 at the just concluded maternal health meeting held in brussels, belgium, experts noted that while global maternal mortality dropped by about 43 percent since 1990, nigeria still rank ed highest. Public health strategies to prevent maternal mortality in nigeria the prevention of maternal mortality and consequent improvement in the maternal health of nigerian women is an allencompassing task, which though tedious. Niger has the highest lifetime risk of maternal mortality of any country in the world, 1 in 7. Furthermore, nigeria s maternal mortality is reported to be 545 per 100,000 births.
Prevalence and determinants of childhood mortality in nigeria. New estimates on child malnutrition for the indicators of stunting, wasting, severe wasting, and overweight released by unicef, who and the world bank, to describe the magnitude and patterns of malnutrition in children under 5 around the world. In 2015, nigerias estimated maternal mortality ratio was over 800 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births, with approximately 58 000 maternal deaths during that year. A large proportion of maternal deaths occur in settings in which vital registration is deficient and many sick women do not access services. However, in developing countries, despite reducing maternal mortality ratios, the number of maternal deaths remains unacceptably high with maternal mortality ratios of 814 per 100,000 livebirths in nigeria, 319 per 100,000 livebirths in ghana, 121 per 100,000 livebirths in morocco etc. Most maternal deaths are preventable with tools we already have. Maternal mortality is the probability or percentage of mothers dying as a result of pregnancy related complications or postdelivery complications every year. In nigeria for instance, maternal mortality accounts for 59,000 deaths of women annually 6, 7, 8. Maternal mortality ratio in selected rural communities in. Maternal mortality refers to deaths due to complications from pregnancy or childbirth. This study estimated the lifetime risk ltr of maternal death and maternal mortality ratio mmr in rural areas of kebbi state, northwest nigeria, using the sisterhood method.
The annual average growth rate of maternal mortality for this period was 1. The overall rate of maternal mortality in nigeria was 22 in 2015. Maternal mortality ratio deaths100,000 live births is reportedly highest in africa, followed by asia, oceania, latin america and the caribbean, and the developed countries. Cultural issues such as pressure on girls to marry early and give birth to numerous children, preferences to deliver children at home and mistrust of. Nigeria has the largest number of maternal deaths nearly 20% of all maternal deaths globally like the united states, nigeria s maternal mortality ratio mmr is increasing in recent years, the mmr increased from 545 to 576 deaths per 100,000 live. In subsaharan africa, a number of countries have halved their levels of maternal mortality since 1990. Nigeria has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world. Financial support for the survey was provided by usaid, the united. In comparison, with 2014, the rate has not changed. Causes of maternal deaths in northern nigeria research cyber. Maternal mortality and the safe motherhood programme in.
The menace of incessant childhood mortality has been a major concern and this calls for studies to generate new scientific evidence to determine its prevalence and explore predisposing factors associated with it in nigeria. In many countries, maternal deaths have fallen as women have gained access to family planning and skilled birth. Understanding maternal morbidity and mortality mmm in the context of the health of women. Maternal mortality rate in nigeria still high today.
The prevalence of maternal mortality in nigeria has become very disturbing as every birth procedure becomes a potential incidence, from the report above, there is at least one case of maternal mortality in every 20 live births. Maternal mortality remains a topical issue in nigeria. Even though maternal mortality, which is a pregnancy related death is preventable, it has continued to increase in many. In nigeria for instance, maternal mortality accounts for 59,000 deaths of women annually. Maternal mortality ratio modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births nigeria who, unicef, unfpa, world bank group, and the united nations population division. Nigeria still ranks second globally in the number of maternal deaths. Maternal mortality the maternal mortality ratio for nigeria remain quite high at 814 per 00 live births according to 2016 world health statistics. Maternal mortality has been determined unequally at different times and different regions. Childhood mortality has remained a major challenge to public health amongst families in nigeria and other developing countries.
Meeting the challenges of measuring and preventing. Given these complex realities, developing strategies to accelerate progress on maternal and newborn health. Currently, nigeria is the highest contributor to maternal mortality in central and western africa and accounts for 14% of the global maternal mortality rate. Maternal mortality and maternal health care in nigeria.
The report which revealed that in subsahara africa, nigeria has a modeled estimate maternal mortality ratio of modeled estimate of 821 per. Maternal mortality, nigeria adapted from a keynote paper entitled transforming health systems to improve lives of women and newborn babies in nigeria presented at the nigerian national health conference at uyo, akwa ibom state nigeria. Improving maternal and infant care in nigeria pharmanewsonline. In practice, the definition adopted by the international federation of obstetricians and gynecologists is now almost universally applied. Although the existing research on this topic is scarce, the report drew on similar literature on the consequences of adult disease and death. This paper therefore discussed maternal mortality, the causes, consequences, and proffered solution for the reduction of maternal mortality in nigeria. Adapted from the march april 2010 global health matters article fogarty grantees employ implementation science to reduce maternal deaths in nigeria. It depicts the risk of maternal death relative to the number of live births and essentially captures the risk of death in a single pregnancy or a single live birth. Causes of maternal mortality in nigeria by maimuna bintu husaini department of sociology, faculty of social and management science, bayero university, kano, nigeria. The state of the worlds children 2009is dedicated to allan rosenfield, md, dean emeritus. This report summarises the findings of the 20 nigeria demographic and health survey ndhs, implemented by the national population commission npc. Meeting the challenges of measuring and preventing maternal. This translates into an average annual rate of reduction of 2.
Socioeconomic inequalities in the use of maternal health. Pdf risk factors for maternal mortality in nigeria. Factors contributing to maternal mortality in north. Dearth of data on vital events posed a huge challenge to policy formulation and design of interventions to address the scourge. Factors contributing to maternal mortality in northcentral nigeria. In other regions, including asia and north africa, even greater headway has been made. Despite the wide range of measurements and estimates, all agree that the maternal mortality ratio in nigeria is the highest in africa and much higher than the global average of 290 per 100,000 live births. An assessment of policies and programs for reducing maternal mortality in lagos state, nigeria. Nigeria contributes 10% to worlds maternal mortality unfpa.
The most recent estimate of the maternal mortality ratio mmr in nigeria was 545 100,000 live births in 2008. In fact, africa has the highest maternal mortality rate in the world and nigeria is one of the countries with the highest rate in the region. Maternal mortality in nigeria europeanamerican journals. Even though maternal mortality, which is a pregnancyrelated death is preventable, it has continued to increase in many nations of the world, especially in the african countries of the subsaharan regions caused by factors which include a low level of socioeconomic development. Maternal mortality in a nigerian maternity hospital bioline. Human rights, accountability, and maternal death in nigeria. Mar 19, 2018 currently, nigeria is the highest contributor to maternal mortality in central and western africa and contributes 14% to the global maternal mortality rate. Nigeria is second only to india in terms of the number of maternal deaths it experiences, and along with five other countriesindia, pakistan, the democratic republic of the congo, china and ethiopia nigeria is part of a group which makes up more than 50 percent of the maternal mortalities that occur in the world the maternal mortality rate mmr in nigeria was 560 per 100,000 live. Maternal mortality remains unacceptably high in nigeria, ranking among the highest in the world and the rate of reducing these deaths have been.
The main causes of the death were haemorrhage 20 23. This paper focuses on cogent issues affecting maternal mortality by unpacking its precipitating. Maternal mortality, sometimes known as maternal death, remains a major cause of death among women of childbearing age in nigeria and many other countries and remains a serious public health concern particularly in developing nations of the world. Levels and determinants of maternal mortality in northern and. The most recent estimate of the maternal mortality ratio mmr in nigeria was 545100,000 live births in 2008.
Global worry over nigerias low rating in maternal health. Nigeria has been mentioned by the united nations as having one of the highest rates of maternal mortality in the world. And in 2015, mortality ratio for nigeria was 814 deaths per 100,000 live births. Every single day, nigeria loses about 2,300 underfive year olds and 145 women of child bearing age, making the country the second largest contributor to underfive and maternal mortality rate in. Mar 15, 2019 furthermore, nigerias maternal mortality is reported to be 545 per 100,000 births. According to unicef, a womans chance of dying from pregnancy and childbirth in nigeria is 1 in. This brief presents factors contributing to infant and maternal death and provides statelevel solutions and policy options. Who library cataloguinginpublication data trends in maternal mortality. The consequences of maternal morbidity and maternal mortality assesses the scientific knowledge about the consequences of maternal morbidity and mortality and discusses key findings from recent research. Causes and contributory factors of maternal mortality. A series of important events and changesphysical, emotional, and socialoccur.
United nations interagency estimates place the 2005 aver age national maternal mortality ratio at 1,100 deaths per. The use of sisterhood method for estimating maternal mortality ratio in lagos state, nigeria. Like in most countries in the developing world, maternal mortality rate in nigeria is on the increase. The struggle to reduce high maternal mortality in nigeria. Nigeria fights high maternal mortality through improved. Urban women have more of an opportunity to receive healthcare than rural women do. Nov 14, 2017 nigeria has the largest number of maternal deaths nearly 20% of all maternal deaths globally like the united states, nigerias maternal mortality ratio mmr is increasing in recent years, the mmr increased from 545 to 576 deaths per 100,000 live births fewer than 40% of deliveries take place in a health facility. In terms of the actual number of maternal deaths, nigeria is ranked second in the world behind india and nigeria is part of a group of six countries in 2008 that collectively accounted for over 50% of all maternal deaths globally. According to the world health organization, this was the second highest number of annual maternal deaths in the world in 2010 and 14% of all maternal deaths globally.
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