Vinyon fiber history book

To rectify this, weve pulled together a list of 25 books. But we do all wear clothes so i guess it should not be a surprise. If the fiber density is known, you also have a fiber diameter, otherwise it is simpler to measure diameters in micrometers. By the 1950s, ftc adopted the name vinyon as a general term for pvc fibers. In the spirit of recent books like salt and coal, a novelist and playwright, yafa examines world history through the prism of a tiny little fiber called cotton. Yet, it was not until the 1790s that the french chappe brothers invented the first optical telegraph.

A book which lies between these two extremes would be of value to those with an intermediate understanding of the physical sciences. In comparison, the manmade fiber industry began with the first commerical production of rayon in 1910. Dead at maturity, fiber cells possess tapered, overlapping ends that form long, multicellular fibers. In the past, vinyon was used a substitute for plantbased filters in tea bags. Of special significance is the fact that a number of north korean defectors have linked dr. They are most commonly used in industrial applications as a bonding agent for nonwoven fabrics and products. How corning makes superpure glass for fiberoptic cable. Vinalon, the dprk, and chemical weapons precursors nti. Search the worlds most comprehensive index of fulltext books. Interest in fiber lasers has been driven by the phenomenal growth in fiber optic communications, which itself resulted from the fundamental breakthrough in producing silica optical fibers with. Vinyon definition is any of various synthetic textile fibers in filament or staple form that are longchain polymers composed of at least 85 percent by weight of vinyl chloride units ch2chcl often together with vinyl acetate units, that show good strength wet or dry, but that have a low softening temperature and can be easily molded. Lee sung kithe coinventor of vinalon and father of polymer fiber production in the dprkwith the dprk chemical and nuclear weapons programs.

The biography of a revolutionary fiber by stephen yafa. Soon other variations of pvc polymers and copolymers called vinyon were developed. Vinyon is a synthetic fiber made from polyvinyl chloride. An integral segment of the dprk chemical industry is the production of vinalon, or juche fiber. Vinyon fiber springerlink skip to main content skip to table of contents. The very low birefringence of the fiber and its relatively thick crosssection results in the low first order white interference color seen here. The manufacture of textiles is one of the oldest and most important industries of all. Dec 29, 2004 youre thinking, he read a book about cotton. People have used light to transmit information for hundreds of years. Its raw materials are fibres, and the study of textiles therefore begins with an understanding of the fibres from which modern textiles are made. Clothing made of vinyon is usually leatherlike or rubberlike. Fortrel is a polyester fiber made by celanese fiber company, a division of. Optical properties of vinyon copolymer fibre springerlink. Vinyon is very durable and resistant to weathering and has good retention properties.

A manufactured fiber in which the fiber forming substance is any long chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85% by weight of vinyl chloride units ftc definition. Fiber optic cable is made in an almost incomprehensibly precise way. The doublebeam technique was applied to the mean birefringence and the mean refractive indices for planepolarized light parallel and perpendicular to the fibre axis. Spandex was created in the late 1950s, developed by e. Dow chemical first sold this fiber in 1940 under the trademark saran, which is now a commonly used name for both films and fibers made from. A short history of multimode fiber mmf 5 july 2017 reading time. It has the same health problems associated with chlorinated polymers. Susan wise bauer provides both sweeping scope and vivid attention to the individual lives that give flesh to abstract assertions about human history. Basics of fiber optics mark curranbrian shirk fiber optics, which is the science of light transmission through very fine glass or plastic fibers, continues to be used in more and more applications due to its inherent advantages over copper conductors. Vinyon is defined as a fiber in which at least 85% of the polymerized monomer units are vinyl chloride. Oct 29, 2017 chlorofibre countable and uncountable, plural chlorofibres any synthetic fibre made from the polymerization of a chlorinated monomer especially from forms of polyvinyl chloride hyponyms edit. Vinyon fibers have high chemical and water resistance, do not burn, but do melt at relatively low temperatures and dissolve readily in many organic solvents, thereby limiting their application. Vinyon news newspapers books scholar jstor august 2014 learn how and when to remove this template message.

Pbi is an organic high performance fiber and was originally developed by celanese for the nasa apollo space program because of its inherent flame resistance properties and chemical stability. The first polyvinyl chloride fiber was invented in germany in 1931. This chapter will examine the major segments of the industry in greater detail, addressing changes in both production tech. Fiber optics developed over the years in a series of generations that can be closely tied to wavelength. Written for a broad audience by a journalist who has covered the field for twenty years, the book is a lively account of both the people and the ideas behind this revolutionary technology. It has to be so pure, so clear, that it can transmit light over many dozens of miles without any boosting or encouragement, and. Thus this book dis cusses textile fibers, dyes, finishes, and processes using this intermediate ap proach, presenting in a concise manner the underlying principles of textile chem istry, physics, and technology. Cellulose was discovered in 1838 by the french chemist anselme payen, who isolated it from plant matter and determined its chemical formula. Your discount is figured on the total number of cotton and rayon items we ship, not how many of each type, style or size.

History of fibres natural and manmade fibres fibres have traditionally been used in all cultures of the world to meet basic requirements of clothing, storage, building material, and for items of daily use such as ropes and fishing nets. The word textile was originally used to define a woven fabric and the processes involved in weaving. The desire to control cotton led britain to over run india. Fiber trade names and generic terms june 2006 introduction the textile fiber products identification act 15 u. Vinyon fibers have high chemical and water resistance. Originally, vinyon was a trademark of union carbide for polyvinyl chloride fibers copolymerized with acrylonitrile called vinyon n. Check back regularly to find your next favourite book.

Fiber, fabric, finished products, and machinery manufacturing the previous chapter outlined broad themes affecting the industry complex that converts fiber into apparel and other end uses. Inappropriate the list including its title or description facilitates illegal activity, or contains hate speech or ad hominem attacks on a fellow goodreads member or author. Soft and comfortable drapes well durable highly absorbent dyes and prints well no static or pilling problems inexpensive colorfast may be washable disadvantages. Modern uses of wool extend beyond winter attire, as wool can be found in carpeting, insulation, felt and luxury suits. Under the microscope, the wool fiber looks like a long cylinder. Vinyon fiber, celanese this is a sample of vinyon fiber from the sampleset provided by textile fabric consultants, inc. Cellulose was used to produce the first successful thermoplastic polymer, celluloid, by hyatt manufacturing company in 1870. Vinyon fibers have good resistance to chemicals, bacteria, and insects. Although these fibers lacked the tensile strength of todays carbon fibers, their considerable tolerance to heat made these fibers ideal for conducting electricity.

The first commercial production of spandex fiber in the united states began in 1959. It was one of the earliest fibers among synthetic fibers. City of light tells the story of fiber optics, tracing its transformation from 19thcentury parlor trick into the foundation of our global communications network. Characteristics and vinyon fiber uses vinyon fibers soften at low temperatures but have high resistance to chemicals. The first vinyon for textiles was manufactured in 1939. Amazon opens for business on this day in 1995, amazon officially opens for business as an online bookseller. Due to its high chlorine content, it is a flame retardant. It was first used in 1939 by the american viscose corporation and contains 85 percent vinyl chloride units. He touches on everything from science and economics to race and popular culture, painting nuanced portraits of cottons farreaching effects on the english mill system, b. Wrinkles easily unless treated low resiliency heat sensitive susceptible to mildew stretches weakens when wet fabric shrinks if washed may need dry cleaning. Vinyon or chlorofibers clf are manmade fibers in which the fiberforming substance is any long chain.

Inventor thomas edison used carbon fibers as filaments for early light bulbs hegde, 2004. Well you would be wrong this is quite a fascinating book. Within a month, the fledgling retailer had shipped books to. For those old enough to remember the 50s and 60s, this was when there was a great deal of. Microfiber, a history of microfiber, man made cloth, fibers. I had no idea that the wonder fiber has had such an impact on human history and culture. Mar 21, 2018 vinyon is defined as a fiber in which at least 85% of the polymerized monomer units are vinyl chloride. Natural fibers have been used for apparel and home fashion for thousands of years, with the use of wool going back over 4,000 years.

Vinylon was first developed in japan in 1939 by ichiro sakurada, ri sung gi, and h. The best site for help and support on vintage fashion, with online resources, articles, forums and membership. As far back as roman times, glass has been drawn into fibers. The production of textile fibers from soy proteins hsinchi huang iowa state university follow this and additional works at. Celanese is a trademarked product of the hoechst celanese company. One cannot overstate the importance of microfiber to our civilization. Every record collector needs a good bookshelf, but sometimes it can be difficult to know where to start. Lightweight retains original shape abrasion resistant stronger than rubber soft, smooth, supple resists body oils, perspiration, lotions, detergents no static or pilling disadvantages. Vinylon, also known as vinalon, is a synthetic fiber produced from polyvinyl alcohol, using anthracite and limestone as raw materials. Jul 08, 2012 vinyon is the generic name, used in the u. It is a manmade fiber segmented polyurethane able to stretch at least 100% and snap back like natural rubber. It was the start of the acrylic yarn craze in america unlike the history of every other kind of fiber, which is buried in the hazy mists of the past, we know exactly where and how synthetic fibers came into being.

Every american interested in understanding the american character and the american past should read this book. Microfiber, which was introduced in 1986, is a variety of polyester that has extremely thin filaments. While lists of music books are ten a penny online, very few really deal with the physical records themselves. Polyvinylidene chloride pvdc fibers are synthetic fibers in which the fiber forming substance is any long chain synthetic polymer consisting of at least 80% by weight of vinylidene chloride. There are vivid history lessons on almost every page. Part of theagriculture commons,biomaterials commons,bioresource and agricultural engineering commons, and thematerials science and engineering commons. In some countries other than the united states, vinyon fibers are referred to as polyvinyl chloride fibers. Connecting us to the wide variety of contemporary fiber art in wallmounted format, this resource combines more than 600 photos with personal comments from 100 of todays established and emerging artists. The top, dashed, curve corresponds to early 1980s fiber, the middle, dotted, curve corresponds to late 1980s fiber, and the bottom, solid, curve corresponds to modern optical fiber. Vinyon fibers have high chemical and water resistance, do not burn, but do melt at relatively low temperatures and dissolve readily in many. It is the responsibility of the importer to determine the proper generic term for a.

Fiberglass, or glass fiber, much like kleenex, thermosor even dumpsteris a trademarked name that has become so familiar that people usually only think of one thing when they hear it. Dozens of maps provide a clear geography of great events, while timelines give the reader an ongoing sense of the passage of years and cultural interconnection. The life story of dr denis burkit kellock, brian on. Birefringence for vinyon fibres have been investigated.

Characteristics and vinyon fiber uses vinyon fibers soften at low temperatures but have high resistance to. However, it was not until the 1960s, with the invention of the laser, that widespread interest in optical light systems for data communications began. Image above is the back cover of coats and clark sweater book no 291, published 1952. It was a system comprised of a series of lights mounted on towers where operators would relay a message from one tower to the next.

Jul 08, 2012 formerly known as manmade fiber, manufactured fiber is defined as any fiber derived by a process of manufacture from any substance which, at any point in the manufacturing process, is not a fiber. Vinylons widespread usage in north korea is often pointed to as an example of the implementation of the juche philosophy, and it is known as the juche fiber. Nylons ready acceptance led to orlon, dacron, lycra, polyester, and other humanmade fibers that revolutionized fashion. Newer fiber designs include extruding fiber that splits into multiple finer fibers.

The principal refractive index parallel and perpendicular to the stretch direction were found. Wool is a natural fiber, shorn primarily from sheep as well as goats and llamas, that has long been used to create warm and durable clothing and blankets. Trial production began in 1954 and in 1961 the massive february 8 vinylon complex was built in hamhung, north korea. The synthetic fiber produced through this process was chemically similar in its potential applications to the carbon filament swan had developed for his incandescent light bulb, but swan soon realized the potential of the fiber to revolutionise textile manufacturing. Introduced in 1939 by the dupont company as a miracle fiber for womens stockings, nylon was the first completely synthetic fiber. Fiber and fiber products fibers are strands of cells that are characterized by an elongate shape and a thickened secondary cell wall composed of cellulose and hemicellulose. Federal trade commission, vinyon is a manufactured fiber in which the fiberforming substance is any long chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85% by weight of vinyl chloride units. Microfibers in technical fibers refer to ultra fine fibers glass or meltblown thermoplastics often used in filtration. History of fibres natural and manmade fibres textile school. Over the years the term has taken on broad connotations, including the following. The purpose of this article is to provide the nontechnical reader with an overview of.